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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2020Neuroendocrine breast tumors represent a rare subtype of breast cancer, accounting for less than 1% of all neuroendocrine neoplasms. Starting from their pathology... (Review)
Review
Neuroendocrine breast tumors represent a rare subtype of breast cancer, accounting for less than 1% of all neuroendocrine neoplasms. Starting from their pathology definition, and going through their prevalence, prognosis and treatment, our knowledge is still really uncertain. In the present short review of the medical literature on this topic, we have evaluated in details their epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, pathology, clinical presentation, radiographic aspects, prognosis, and therapy. We have thus been able to identify a number of open issues regarding primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast that need to be clarified. Our ultimate aim was actually to try to understand whether neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast can be considered a definite clinical entity and if neuroendocrine differentiation of breast tumors has a really clinical relevance.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Neuroendocrine Tumors
PubMed: 33584543
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.610230 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2018To investigate the efficacy of ultrasonic elastography in the qualitative diagnosis of malignant and benign breast tumors.
PURPOSE
To investigate the efficacy of ultrasonic elastography in the qualitative diagnosis of malignant and benign breast tumors.
METHODS
The study included 200 female patients with benign (n=100) and breast carcinomas (n=100) treated between January 2015 and March 2017. Each patient underwent ultrasonic elastography before surgery and registration of the hardness score and lesion area diameter. Postoperatively the diagnosis was pathologically confirmed.
RESULTS
The hardness scores of the benign group were below 3 points while in the malignant group was above 2 points (p <0.05). The average scores of the benign and breast carcinoma groups were 2.4±1.1 and 4.3±0.7 points, respectively. The lesion areas of the malignant group were 2.44 ± 1.63 cm2 and of the benign group 1.03 ± 1.01 cm (p <0.05). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under the curve (AUC) of ultrasonic elastography in the qualitative diagnosis of breast carcinoma were 86.73, 88.62, 84.47, 87.20, 86.14% and 91%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
In the qualitative diagnosis of benign and breast carcinomas, ultrasonic elastography can contribute to the accurate diagnosis of the disease and can be used with success in clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Qualitative Research; Ultrasonography; Young Adult
PubMed: 30358194
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Nov 2002Whether African-American women have biologically more aggressive breast carcinoma compared with white women and whether race acts as a significant independent prognostic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
BACKGROUND
Whether African-American women have biologically more aggressive breast carcinoma compared with white women and whether race acts as a significant independent prognostic factor for survival have not been determined. Alternatively, race merely may be a surrogate for socioeconomic status (SES).
METHODS
A literature review was performed of clinical trials and retrospective studies in the U.S. that compared survival between white women and black women with breast carcinoma after adjustment for known prognostic factors (patient age, disease stage, lymph node status, and estrogen receptor status) to assess the impact of race and SES.
RESULTS
Single institutional and clinical studies suggest that, when black patients are treated appropriately and other prognostic variables are controlled, their survival is similar to the survival of white patients. Twelve retrospective studies and 1 analysis of a clinical trial included SES and race as variables for survival. Only three of those studies revealed race as a significant prognostic factor for survival after adjusting for SES.
CONCLUSIONS
SES replaces race as a predictor of worse outcome after women are diagnosed with breast carcinoma in many studies. However, black women present with more advanced disease that appear more aggressive biologically, and they present at a younger age compared with white women. Further research should be conducted concerning the precise elements of SES that account for the incidence of breast carcinoma, age at diagnosis, hormone receptor status, and survival to devise better strategies to improve outcome.
Topics: Black or African American; Age Factors; Black People; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Prognosis; Socioeconomic Factors; Survival Rate; United States; White People
PubMed: 12404294
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.10830 -
Bioscience Reports Jan 2021Breast carcinoma (BRCA) is the most common carcinoma among women worldwide. Despite the great progress achieved in early detection and treatment, morbidity and mortality...
Breast carcinoma (BRCA) is the most common carcinoma among women worldwide. Despite the great progress achieved in early detection and treatment, morbidity and mortality rates remain high. In the present study, we make a systematic analysis of BRCA using TCGA database by applying CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE computational methods, uncovered CD3D as a prognostic biomarker by intersection analysis of univariate COX and protein-protein interaction (PPI). It revealed that high CD3D expression was strongly associated with poor survival of BRCA, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and online websites. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that the high CD3D expression group was mainly enriched for the immune-related pathways and the low CD3D expression group was mainly enriched for metabolic-related activities. Based on CIBERSORT analysis, the difference test and correlation test suggested that CD3D had a strong correlation with T cells, particularly CD8 + T cells, which indicated that CD3D up-regulation may increase T cell immune infiltration in the TME and induce antitumor immunity by activating T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the correlation analysis showed that CD3D expression had a strongly positive correlation with immune checkpoints, which indicating that the underlying mechanism involves CD3D mediated regulation of T cell functions in BRCA, and single cell RNA-seq analysis revealed that CD3D correlate with CD8 + T cells and it is itself highly expressed in CD8 + T cells. In summary, we identified a prognostic biomarker CD3D in BRCA, which was associated with lymphocyte infiltration, immune checkpoints and could be developed for innovative therapeutics of BRCA.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; CD3 Complex; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Female; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Prognosis; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 33350431
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20202898 -
Breast Cancer Research : BCR Jun 2016Recent evidence suggests that lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) can be a clonal precursor of invasive breast cancers of both the ductal and lobular phenotypes. We sought...
BACKGROUND
Recent evidence suggests that lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) can be a clonal precursor of invasive breast cancers of both the ductal and lobular phenotypes. We sought to confirm these findings with an extensive study of fresh frozen breast specimens from women undergoing mastectomy.
METHODS
Patients with a history of LCIS presenting for therapeutic mastectomy were identified prospectively. Frozen tissue blocks were collected, screened for lesions of interest, and subjected to microdissection and DNA extraction. Copy number profiling, whole-exome sequencing, or both were performed. Clonal relatedness was assessed using specialized statistical techniques developed for this purpose.
RESULTS
After exclusions for genotyping failure, a total of 84 lesions from 30 patients were evaluated successfully. Strong evidence of clonal relatedness was observed between an LCIS lesion and the invasive cancer for the preponderance of cases with lobular carcinoma. Anatomically distinct in situ lesions of both ductal and lobular histology were also shown to be frequently clonally related.
CONCLUSIONS
These data derived from women with LCIS with or without invasive cancer confirm that LCIS is commonly the clonal precursor of invasive lobular carcinoma and that distinct foci of LCIS frequently share a clonal origin, as do foci of LCIS and ductal carcinoma in situ.
Topics: Breast Carcinoma In Situ; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Lobular; Clonal Evolution; Comparative Genomic Hybridization; DNA Copy Number Variations; Exome; Female; Gene Frequency; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Mastectomy; Mutation
PubMed: 27334989
DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0727-z -
Database : the Journal of Biological... Oct 2022Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and registers the highest number of deaths for women. Advances in diagnostic activities combined with large-scale...
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and registers the highest number of deaths for women. Advances in diagnostic activities combined with large-scale screening policies have significantly lowered the mortality rates for breast cancer patients. However, the manual inspection of tissue slides by pathologists is cumbersome, time-consuming and is subject to significant inter- and intra-observer variability. Recently, the advent of whole-slide scanning systems has empowered the rapid digitization of pathology slides and enabled the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted digital workflows. However, AI techniques, especially Deep Learning, require a large amount of high-quality annotated data to learn from. Constructing such task-specific datasets poses several challenges, such as data-acquisition level constraints, time-consuming and expensive annotations and anonymization of patient information. In this paper, we introduce the BReAst Carcinoma Subtyping (BRACS) dataset, a large cohort of annotated Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-stained images to advance AI development in the automatic characterization of breast lesions. BRACS contains 547 Whole-Slide Images (WSIs) and 4539 Regions Of Interest (ROIs) extracted from the WSIs. Each WSI and respective ROIs are annotated by the consensus of three board-certified pathologists into different lesion categories. Specifically, BRACS includes three lesion types, i.e., benign, malignant and atypical, which are further subtyped into seven categories. It is, to the best of our knowledge, the largest annotated dataset for breast cancer subtyping both at WSI and ROI levels. Furthermore, by including the understudied atypical lesions, BRACS offers a unique opportunity for leveraging AI to better understand their characteristics. We encourage AI practitioners to develop and evaluate novel algorithms on the BRACS dataset to further breast cancer diagnosis and patient care. Database URL: https://www.bracs.icar.cnr.it/.
Topics: Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Breast Neoplasms; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Female; Hematoxylin; Humans
PubMed: 36251776
DOI: 10.1093/database/baac093 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021The thyroid is a rare site for distant metastases from breast carcinoma. The incidence of thyroid metastases in fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was less than 0.2%. (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
The thyroid is a rare site for distant metastases from breast carcinoma. The incidence of thyroid metastases in fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was less than 0.2%.
PATIENT CONCERNS
We report a case of 54-year-old woman with a history of breast carcinoma presented with diffuse scattered microcalcifications in thyroid and enlarged bilateral cervical lymph nodes detected on ultrasound (US). Physical examination of the patient revealed firm and enlarged thyroid lobes.
DIAGNOSES
FNAB and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the thyroid lesion confirmed the thyroid metastases from breast cancer.
INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES
Due to the comorbidities of breast carcinoma metastases to the right axillary, cervical lymph nodes and left chest wall, the patient received chemotherapy. After a follow-up of 19 months, the patient was alive without any new distant metastases.
LESSONS
Our case highlights that thyroid metastases should be considered in a patient combined with thyroid lesions and a history of breast carcinoma. IHC played an important role in differentiating thyroid metastases from primary thyroid cancer.
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Comorbidity; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Incidence; Middle Aged; Thyroid Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33776925
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.631894 -
FEBS Open Bio Feb 2021Chondroitin polymerizing factor (CHPF) plays an important role in the development of certain malignant tumors. However, the role of CHPF in breast carcinoma (BRCA) and...
Chondroitin polymerizing factor promotes breast carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration and affects expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers.
Chondroitin polymerizing factor (CHPF) plays an important role in the development of certain malignant tumors. However, the role of CHPF in breast carcinoma (BRCA) and its underlying mechanism are still not fully elucidated. Expression profiles for CHPF in BRCA tissues were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and used for prognostic analysis. Cell viability, invasion and migration were measured in vitro using MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines upon knockdown or over-expression of CHPF. Bioinformatic analysis showed that CHPF was substantially upregulated in BRCA tissues, and a quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR was performed to confirm its upregulation in BRCA cells. High expression of CHPF was observed to be significantly associated with pathologic stage, metastasis and worse prognosis. We also observed that depletion of CHPF significantly inhibited cell proliferative, invasive and migratory abilities, whereas overexpression of CHPF exerted the opposite effects. Furthermore, analysis of the GEPIA database revealed that CHPF expression is positively correlated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers vimentin, Snail, Slug and motion-related protein matrix metallopeptidase 2; these findings were confirmed via western blotting. Our data suggest that CHPF may contribute to BRCA progression by modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers and matrix metallopeptidase 2 expression.
Topics: Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms, Male; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Disease-Free Survival; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Middle Aged; N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Peptides; Prognosis
PubMed: 33301643
DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13062 -
Medical Ultrasonography Aug 2022
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Female; Humans; Lipids
PubMed: 36047420
DOI: 10.11152/mu-3585 -
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology... Jan 2023Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare subtype of invasive breast cancer characterized by mixed epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. Commonly seen subtypes...
Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare subtype of invasive breast cancer characterized by mixed epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. Commonly seen subtypes include squamous cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, and metaplastic carcinoma with heterologous mesenchymal differentiation. MBC tends to have a more aggressive clinical presentation, higher metastatic potential, higher rates of local recurrence, and a worse prognosis compared with invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. Most MBCs are triple-negative breast cancers, which explains their resistance to most systemic therapies. Therefore, accurately diagnosing MBC early is crucial for deciding the treatment strategy and predicting the prognosis. In this pictorial essay, the imaging findings of MBC in different modalities and the histopathologic features of its subtypes are reviewed.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Multimodal Imaging; Prognosis
PubMed: 36959869
DOI: 10.4274/dir.2022.221363